Python
C Api
- Capa de objetos abstractos
- Allocating objects on the heap
- Versiones de API y ABI
- Analizando argumentos y construyendo valores
- Objetos booleanos
- Protocolo búfer
- Objetos de arreglos de bytes (*bytearrays*)
- Objetos bytes
- Protocolo de llamada
- Cápsulas
- Objetos celda
- Objetos código
- Registro de códec y funciones de soporte
- Objetos de números complejos
- Capa de objetos concretos
- Objetos de variables de contexto
- Conversión y formato de cadenas de caracteres
- Objetos corrutina
- Curses C API
- Objetos *DateTime*
- Objetos descriptores
- Objetos diccionario
- Manejo de excepciones
- Defining extension modules
- File objects
- Floating-Point Objects
- Frame objects
- Objetos función
- Apoyo a la recolección de basura cíclica
- Objetos generadores
- PyHash API
- Importando módulos
- Python/C API reference manual
- Initialization, finalization, and threads
- Configuración de inicialización de Python
- Interpreter initialization and finalization
- Introducción
- Protocolo iterador
- Objetos iteradores
- Object Life Cycle
- Objetos lista
- Objetos enteros
- Protocolo de mapeo
- Soporte de empaquetado (*marshalling*) de datos
- Gestión de la memoria
- Objetos de vista de memoria (*MemoryView*)
- Objetos de método de instancia
- Objetos módulo
- Monitoring C API
- El objeto "None"
- Protocolo de números
- Protocolo de objeto
- Soporte de implementación de objetos
- Soporte para Mapeo Perf
- Pickle buffer objects
- Profiling and tracing
- Conteo de referencias
- Reflexión
- Protocolo de secuencia
- Objetos conjunto
- Objetos rebanada (*slice*)
- Estabilidad de la API en C
- Estructuras de objetos comunes
- Multiple interpreters in a Python process
- Synchronization primitives
- Utilidades del sistema operativo
- Thread states and the global interpreter lock
- PyTime C API
- Thread-local storage support
- Objetos tupla
- Objetos tipo
- Objetos para indicaciones de tipado
- Type Object Structures
- Objetos y códecs unicode
- Utilidades
- La capa de muy alto nivel
- Objetos de referencia débil
Deprecations
- Pending removal in Python 3.14
- Pending removal in Python 3.15
- Pending removal in Python 3.16
- Pending removal in Python 3.18
- Pending removal in future versions
- Desusos
- Pending removal in Python 3.13
- Pending removal in Python 3.14
- Pending removal in Python 3.15
- Pending removal in Python 3.16
- Pending removal in Python 3.17
- Pending removal in Python 3.18
- Pending removal in Python 3.19
- Pending removal in future versions
Distributing
Extending
- 4. Construyendo extensiones C y C++
- 1. Incrustando Python en otra aplicación
- 1. Extendiendo Python con C o C++
- Ampliación e incrustación del intérprete de Python
- 3. Definición de tipos de extensión: temas variados
- 2. Definición de tipos de extensión: Tutorial
- 5. Creación de extensiones C y C++ en Windows
Faq
- Preguntas frecuentes sobre diseño e historia
- Extendiendo/Embebiendo FAQ
- Preguntas frecuentes generales sobre Python
- Preguntas frecuentes sobre la Interfaz Gráfica de Usuario (*GUI*)
- Preguntas más frecuentes de Python
- "¿Por qué está Python instalado en mi ordenador?" FAQ
- Preguntas frecuentes sobre bibliotecas y extensiones
- Preguntas frecuentes de programación
- Preguntas frecuentes sobre Python en Windows
Howto
- A Conceptual Overview of "asyncio"
- Prácticas recomendadas para las anotaciones
- Migrating "optparse" code to "argparse"
- Tutorial de *argparse*
- Argument Clinic Cómo Hacerlo
- Portar módulos de extensión a Python 3
- Programación de curses con Python
- Descriptor Guide
- HOWTO - Enum
- C API Extension Support for Free Threading
- Python support for free threading
- HOWTO - Programación funcional
- Debugging C API extensions and CPython Internals with GDB
- Comos (*HOWTOs*) de Python
- Instrumentación de CPython con DTrace y SystemTap
- Introducción al modulo *ipaddress*
- Aislamiento de módulos de extensión
- Libro de recetas de Logging
- HOWTO hacer registros (*Logging*)
- The Python 2.3 Method Resolution Order
- Soporte de Python para el perfilador "perf" de Linux
- How to port Python 2 Code to Python 3
- Regular expression HOWTO
- Remote debugging attachment protocol
- HOW TO - Programación con sockets
- Sorting Techniques
- timer file descriptor HOWTO
- CÓMO (*HOWTO*) Unicode
- HOWTO - Cómo obtener recursos de Internet con el paquete urllib
Installing
Library
- "__future__" --- Future statement definitions
- "__main__" --- Top-level code environment
- "_thread" --- Low-level threading API
- "abc" --- Abstract Base Classes
- "aifc" --- Read and write AIFF and AIFC files
- Servicios genéricos del sistema operativo
- "annotationlib" --- Functionality for introspecting annotations
- Compresión de datos y archivado
- "argparse" --- Parser for command-line options, arguments and subcommands
- "array" --- Efficient arrays of numeric values
- "ast" --- Abstract syntax trees
- "asynchat" --- Asynchronous socket command/response handler
- Índice de API de alto nivel
- Desarrollando con asyncio
- Event loop
- Excepciones
- Extensión
- Futures
- Call graph introspection
- Índice de API de bajo nivel
- Soporte de plataforma
- Políticas
- Transportes y protocolos
- Colas
- Runners
- Streams
- Sub-procesos
- Primitivas de sincronización
- Coroutines and tasks
- asyncio and free-threaded Python
- Command-line introspection tools
- "asyncio" --- Asynchronous I/O
- "asyncore" --- Asynchronous socket handler
- "atexit" --- Exit handlers
- "audioop" --- Manipulate raw audio data
- Tabla de auditoría de eventos
- "base64" --- Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodings
- "bdb" --- Debugger framework
- Servicios de datos binarios
- "binascii" --- Convert between binary and ASCII
- "bisect" --- Array bisection algorithm
- "builtins" --- Built-in objects
- "bz2" --- Support for **bzip2** compression
- "calendar" --- General calendar-related functions
- "cgi" --- Common Gateway Interface support
- "cgitb" --- Traceback manager for CGI scripts
- "chunk" --- Read IFF chunked data
- "cmath" --- Mathematical functions for complex numbers
- "cmd" --- Support for line-oriented command interpreters
- Modules command-line interface (CLI)
- Command-line interface libraries
- "code" --- Interpreter base classes
- "codecs" --- Codec registry and base classes
- "codeop" --- Compile Python code
- "collections.abc" --- Abstract Base Classes for Containers
- "collections" --- Container datatypes
- "colorsys" --- Conversions between color systems
- "compileall" --- Byte-compile Python libraries
- The "compression" package
- "compression.zstd" --- Compression compatible with the Zstandard format
- Ejecución concurrente
- "concurrent.futures" --- Launching parallel tasks
- "concurrent.interpreters" --- Multiple interpreters in the same process
- El paquete "concurrent"
- "configparser" --- Configuration file parser
- Constantes incorporadas
- "contextlib" --- Utilidades para declaraciones de contexto "with"
- "contextvars" --- Context Variables
- "copy" --- Shallow and deep copy operations
- "copyreg" --- Register "pickle" support functions
- "crypt" --- Function to check Unix passwords
- Servicios criptográficos
- "csv" --- CSV File Reading and Writing
- "ctypes" --- A foreign function library for Python
- "curses.ascii" --- Utilities for ASCII characters
- "curses.panel" --- A panel stack extension for curses
- "curses" --- Terminal handling for character-cell displays
- Intérpretes de Python personalizados
- "dataclasses" --- Data Classes
- Tipos de datos
- "datetime" --- Basic date and time types
- "dbm" --- Interfaces to Unix "databases"
- Depuración y perfilado
- "decimal" --- Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic
- Herramientas de desarrollo
- Modo de desarrollo de Python
- Tkinter dialogs
- "difflib" --- Helpers for computing deltas
- "dis" --- Desensamblador para bytecode de Python
- Empaquetado y distribución de software
- "distutils" --- Building and installing Python modules
- "doctest" --- Test interactive Python examples
- "email.charset": Representing character sets
- "email.message.Message": Representar un mensaje de correo electrónico usando la API "compat32"
- "email.contentmanager": Managing MIME Content
- "email.encoders": Encoders
- "email.errors": Exception and Defect classes
- "email": Ejemplos
- "email.generator": Generating MIME documents
- "email.header": Internationalized headers
- "email.headerregistry": Custom Header Objects
- "email.iterators": Iterators
- "email.message": Representing an email message
- "email.mime": Creating email and MIME objects from scratch
- "email.parser": Parsing email messages
- "email.policy": Policy Objects
- "email" --- An email and MIME handling package
- "email.utils": Miscellaneous utilities
- "ensurepip" --- Bootstrapping the "pip" installer
- "enum" --- Support for enumerations
- "errno" --- Standard errno system symbols
- Excepciones incorporadas
- "faulthandler" --- Dump the Python traceback
- "fcntl" --- The "fcntl" and "ioctl" system calls
- "filecmp" --- File and Directory Comparisons
- Formatos de archivo
- "fileinput" --- Iterate over lines from multiple input streams
- Acceso a archivos y directorios
- "fnmatch" --- Unix filename pattern matching
- "fractions" --- Rational numbers
- Program frameworks
- "ftplib" --- FTP protocol client
- Módulos de programación funcional
- Funciones incorporadas
- "functools" --- Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
- "gc" --- Garbage Collector interface
- "getopt" --- C-style parser for command line options
- "getpass" --- Portable password input
- "gettext" --- Multilingual internationalization services
- "glob" --- Unix style pathname pattern expansion
- "graphlib" --- Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
- "grp" --- The group database
- "gzip" --- Support for **gzip** files
- "hashlib" --- Secure hashes and message digests
- "heapq" --- Heap queue algorithm
- "hmac" --- Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication
- "html.entities" --- Definitions of HTML general entities
- "html.parser" --- Simple HTML and XHTML parser
- "html" --- HyperText Markup Language support
- "http.client" --- HTTP protocol client
- "http.cookiejar" --- Cookie handling for HTTP clients
- "http.cookies" --- HTTP state management
- "http.server" --- HTTP servers
- "http" --- HTTP modules
- Internacionalización
- IDLE --- Python editor and shell
- "imaplib" --- IMAP4 protocol client
- "imghdr" --- Determine the type of an image
- "imp" --- Access the import internals
- "importlib.metadata" -- Acceso a los metadatos de los paquetes
- "importlib.resources.abc" -- Abstract base classes for resources
- "importlib.resources" -- Package resource reading, opening and access
- "importlib" --- La implementación de "import"
- La biblioteca estándar de Python
- "inspect" --- Inspect live objects
- Protocolos y soporte de Internet
- Introducción
- "io" --- Core tools for working with streams
- "ipaddress" --- IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
- Comunicación en redes y entre procesos
- "itertools" --- Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
- "json" --- JSON encoder and decoder
- "keyword" --- Testing for Python keywords
- Servicios del lenguaje Python
- "linecache" --- Random access to text lines
- "locale" --- Internationalization services
- "logging.config" --- Logging configuration
- "logging.handlers" --- Logging handlers
- "logging" --- Logging facility for Python
- "lzma" --- Compression using the LZMA algorithm
- "mailbox" --- Manipulate mailboxes in various formats
- "mailcap" --- Mailcap file handling
- Herramientas Para Procesar Formatos de Marcado Estructurado
- "marshal" --- Internal Python object serialization
- "math" --- Mathematical functions
- "mimetypes" --- Map filenames to MIME types
- Servicios Multimedia
- "mmap" --- Memory-mapped file support
- "modulefinder" --- Find modules used by a script
- Importando módulos
- "msilib" --- Read and write Microsoft Installer files
- "msvcrt" --- Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime
- "multiprocessing.shared_memory" --- Shared memory for direct access across processes
- "multiprocessing" --- Process-based parallelism
- Manejo de datos de internet
- "netrc" --- netrc file processing
- "nis" --- Interface to Sun’s NIS (Yellow Pages)
- "nntplib" --- NNTP protocol client
- "numbers" --- Numeric abstract base classes
- Módulos numéricos y matemáticos
- "operator" --- Standard operators as functions
- "optparse" --- Parser for command line options
- "os.path" --- Common pathname manipulations
- "os" --- Interfaces misceláneas del sistema operativo
- "ossaudiodev" --- Access to OSS-compatible audio devices
- "pathlib" --- Rutas de sistemas orientada a objetos
- "pdb" --- The Python Debugger
- Persistencia de datos
- "pickle" --- Python object serialization
- "pickletools" --- Tools for pickle developers
- "pipes" --- Interface to shell pipelines
- "pkgutil" --- Package extension utility
- "platform" --- Access to underlying platform's identifying data
- "plistlib" --- Generate and parse Apple ".plist" files
- "poplib" --- POP3 protocol client
- "posix" --- The most common POSIX system calls
- "pprint" --- Data pretty printer
- Los perfiladores de Python
- "pty" --- Pseudo-terminal utilities
- "pwd" --- The password database
- "py_compile" --- Compile Python source files
- "pyclbr" --- Python module browser support
- "pydoc" --- Documentation generator and online help system
- "xml.parsers.expat" --- Fast XML parsing using Expat
- Servicios en tiempo de ejecución de Python
- "queue" --- A synchronized queue class
- "quopri" --- Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
- "random" --- Generate pseudo-random numbers
- "re" --- Regular expression operations
- "readline" --- GNU readline interface
- Removed Modules
- "reprlib" --- Alternate "repr()" implementation
- "resource" --- Resource usage information
- "rlcompleter" --- Completion function for GNU readline
- "runpy" --- Localización y ejecución de módulos Python
- "sched" --- Event scheduler
- "secrets" --- Generate secure random numbers for managing secrets
- Consideraciones de seguridad
- "select" --- Waiting for I/O completion
- "selectors" --- High-level I/O multiplexing
- "shelve" --- Python object persistence
- "shlex" --- Simple lexical analysis
- "shutil" --- High-level file operations
- "signal" --- Set handlers for asynchronous events
- "site" --- Site-specific configuration hook
- "smtpd" --- SMTP Server
- "smtplib" --- SMTP protocol client
- "sndhdr" --- Determine type of sound file
- "socket" --- Low-level networking interface
- "socketserver" --- A framework for network servers
- "spwd" --- The shadow password database
- "sqlite3" --- DB-API 2.0 interfaz para bases de datos SQLite
- "ssl" --- TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects
- "stat" --- Interpreting "stat()" results
- "statistics" --- Mathematical statistics functions
- Tipos integrados
- "string.templatelib" --- Support for template string literals
- "string" --- Common string operations
- "stringprep" --- Internet String Preparation
- "struct" --- Interpret bytes as packed binary data
- "subprocess" --- Subprocess management
- "sunau" --- Read and write Sun AU files
- Módulos reemplazados
- "symtable" --- Access to the compiler's symbol tables
- "sys.monitoring" --- Execution event monitoring
- "sys" --- System-specific parameters and functions
- La inicialización de la ruta de búsqueda de módulo de "sys.path"
- "sysconfig" --- Provide access to Python's configuration information
- "syslog" --- Unix syslog library routines
- "tabnanny" --- Detection of ambiguous indentation
- "tarfile" --- Read and write tar archive files
- "telnetlib" --- Telnet client
- "tempfile" --- Generate temporary files and directories
- "termios" --- POSIX style tty control
- "test" --- Regression tests package for Python
- Servicios de procesamiento de texto
- "textwrap" --- Text wrapping and filling
- "threading" --- Thread-based parallelism
- Thread Safety Guarantees
- "time" --- Time access and conversions
- "timeit" --- Measure execution time of small code snippets
- Graphical user interfaces with Tk
- "tkinter.colorchooser" --- Color choosing dialog
- "tkinter.dnd" --- Drag and drop support
- "tkinter.font" --- Tkinter font wrapper
- "tkinter.messagebox" --- Tkinter message prompts
- "tkinter.scrolledtext" --- Scrolled text widget
- "tkinter.ttk" --- Tk themed widgets
- "tkinter" --- Python interface to Tcl/Tk
- "token" --- Constants used with Python parse trees
- "tokenize" --- Tokenizer for Python source
- "tomllib" --- Parse TOML files
- "trace" --- Trace or track Python statement execution
- "traceback" --- Print or retrieve a stack traceback
- "tracemalloc" --- Trace memory allocations
- "tty" --- Terminal control functions
- "turtle" --- Turtle graphics
- "types" --- Dynamic type creation and names for built-in types
- "typing" --- Support for type hints
- "unicodedata" --- Unicode Database
- "unittest.mock" --- getting started
- "unittest.mock" --- mock object library
- "unittest" --- Unit testing framework
- Unix-specific services
- "urllib.error" --- Exception classes raised by urllib.request
- "urllib.parse" --- Parse URLs into components
- "urllib.request" --- Extensible library for opening URLs
- "urllib.robotparser" --- Parser for robots.txt
- "urllib" --- URL handling modules
- "uu" --- Encode and decode uuencode files
- "uuid" --- UUID objects according to **RFC 9562**
- "venv" --- Creation of virtual environments
- "warnings" --- Warning control
- "wave" --- Read and write WAV files
- "weakref" --- Weak references
- "webbrowser" --- Convenient web-browser controller
- Servicios Específicos para MS Windows
- "winreg" --- Windows registry access
- "winsound" --- Sound-playing interface for Windows
- "wsgiref" --- WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation
- "xdrlib" --- Encode and decode XDR data
- "xml.dom.minidom" --- Minimal DOM implementation
- "xml.dom.pulldom" --- Support for building partial DOM trees
- "xml.dom" --- The Document Object Model API
- "xml.etree.ElementTree" --- The ElementTree XML API
- "xml.sax.handler" --- Base classes for SAX handlers
- "xml.sax.xmlreader" --- Interface for XML parsers
- "xml.sax" --- Support for SAX2 parsers
- "xml.sax.saxutils" --- SAX Utilities
- Módulos de procesamiento XML
- "xmlrpc.client" --- XML-RPC client access
- "xmlrpc.server" --- Basic XML-RPC servers
- "xmlrpc" --- Módulos XMLRPC para cliente y servidor
- "zipapp" --- Manage executable Python zip archives
- "zipfile" --- Work with ZIP archives
- "zipimport" --- Import modules from Zip archives
- "zlib" --- Compression compatible with **gzip**
- "zoneinfo" --- IANA time zone support
Reference
Tutorial
- 16. Apéndice
- 1. Abriendo el apetito
- 9. Clases
- 4. Más herramientas para control de flujo
- 5. Estructuras de datos
- 8. Errores y excepciones
- 15. Floating-Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations
- El tutorial de Python
- 7. Entrada y salida
- 14. Edición de entrada interactiva y sustitución de historial
- 2. Usando el intérprete de Python
- 3. Una introducción informal a Python
- 6. Módulos
- 10. Brief tour of the standard library
- 11. Brief tour of the standard library --- part II
- 12. Entornos virtuales y paquetes
- 13. ¿Y ahora qué?
Using
Whatsnew
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 2.0
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 2.1
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 2.2
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 2.3
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 2.4
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 2.5
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 2.6
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 2.7
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.0
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.1
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.10
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.11
- Novedades de Python 3.12
- What's New In Python 3.13
- What's new in Python 3.14
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.2
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.3
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.4
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.5
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.6
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.7
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.8
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python 3.9
- Registro de cambios
- Qué hay de nuevo en Python