Math.log()

The Math.log() static method returns the natural logarithm (base e) of a number. That is

{{InteractiveExample("JavaScript Demo: Math.log()")}}

```js interactive-example function getBaseLog(x, y) { return Math.log(y) / Math.log(x); }

// 2 x 2 x 2 = 8 console.log(getBaseLog(2, 8)); // Expected output: 3

// 5 x 5 x 5 x 5 = 625 console.log(getBaseLog(5, 625)); // Expected output: 4

## Syntax

```js-nolint
Math.log(x)

Parameters#

• x
• : A number greater than or equal to 0.

Return value#

The natural logarithm (base e) of x. If x is ±0, returns -Infinity. If x < 0, returns {{jsxref("NaN")}}.

Description#

Because log() is a static method of Math, you always use it as Math.log(), rather than as a method of a Math object you created (Math is not a constructor).

If you need the natural log of 2 or 10, use the constants {{jsxref("Math.LN2")}} or {{jsxref("Math.LN10")}}. If you need a logarithm to base 2 or 10, use {{jsxref("Math.log2()")}} or {{jsxref("Math.log10()")}}. If you need a logarithm to other bases, use Math.log(x) / Math.log(otherBase) as in the example below; you might want to precalculate 1 / Math.log(otherBase) since multiplication in Math.log(x) * constant is much faster.

Beware that positive numbers very close to 1 can suffer from loss of precision and make its natural logarithm less accurate. In this case, you may want to use {{jsxref("Math.log1p")}} instead.

Examples#

Using Math.log()#

Math.log(-1); // NaN
Math.log(-0); // -Infinity
Math.log(0); // -Infinity
Math.log(1); // 0
Math.log(10); // 2.302585092994046
Math.log(Infinity); // Infinity

Using Math.log() with a different base#

The following function returns the logarithm of y with base x (i.e., $\log_x y$):

function getBaseLog(x, y) {
  return Math.log(y) / Math.log(x);
}

If you run getBaseLog(10, 1000), it returns 2.9999999999999996 due to floating-point rounding, but still very close to the actual answer of 3.

Specifications#

{{Specifications}}

Browser compatibility#

{{Compat}}

See also#

• {{jsxref("Math.exp()")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.log1p()")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.log10()")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.log2()")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.pow()")}}