Math.expm1()

The Math.expm1() static method returns e raised to the power of a number, subtracted by 1. That is

{{InteractiveExample("JavaScript Demo: Math.expm1()")}}

```js interactive-example console.log(Math.expm1(0)); // Expected output: 0

console.log(Math.expm1(1)); // Expected output: 1.718281828459045

console.log(Math.expm1(-1)); // Expected output: -0.6321205588285577

console.log(Math.expm1(2)); // Expected output: 6.38905609893065

## Syntax

```js-nolint
Math.expm1(x)

Parameters#

• x
• : A number.

Return value#

A number representing e<sup>x</sup> - 1, where e is the base of the natural logarithm.

Description#

For very small values of x, adding 1 can reduce or eliminate precision. The double floats used in JS give you about 15 digits of precision. 1 + 1e-15 \= 1.000000000000001, but 1 + 1e-16 = 1.000000000000000 and therefore exactly 1.0 in that arithmetic, because digits past 15 are rounded off.

When you calculate $\mathrm{e}^x$, where x is a number very close to 0, you should get an answer very close to 1 + x because: $\lim_{x \to 0} \frac{\mathrm{e}^x - 1}{x} = 1$. If you calculate Math.exp(1.1111111111e-15) - 1, you should get an answer close to 1.1111111111e-15. Instead, due to the highest significant figure in the result of Math.exp being the units digit 1, the final value ends up being 1.1102230246251565e-15, with only 3 correct digits. If you calculate Math.expm1(1.1111111111e-15) instead, you will get a much more accurate answer, 1.1111111111000007e-15, with 11 correct digits of precision.

Because expm1() is a static method of Math, you always use it as Math.expm1(), rather than as a method of a Math object you created (Math is not a constructor).

Examples#

Using Math.expm1()#

Math.expm1(-Infinity); // -1
Math.expm1(-1); // -0.6321205588285577
Math.expm1(-0); // -0
Math.expm1(0); // 0
Math.expm1(1); // 1.718281828459045
Math.expm1(Infinity); // Infinity

Specifications#

{{Specifications}}

Browser compatibility#

{{Compat}}

See also#

• Polyfill of Math.expm1 in core-js
• {{jsxref("Math.E")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.exp()")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.log()")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.log10()")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.log1p()")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.log2()")}}
• {{jsxref("Math.pow()")}}